伀渀猀愀最攀爀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀攀搀 栀椀猀 昀甀渀搀愀洀攀渀琀愀氀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 愀琀 愀 匀挀愀渀搀椀渀愀瘀椀愀渀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 洀攀攀琀椀渀最 椀渀 䌀漀瀀攀渀栀愀最攀渀 椀渀 㤀㈀㤀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 椀渀 椀琀猀 昀椀渀愀氀 昀漀爀洀 椀渀 㤀㌀ 椀渀 琀栀攀 眀攀氀氀欀渀漀眀渀 樀漀甀爀渀愀氀 倀栀礀猀椀挀愀氀 刀攀瘀椀攀眀 椀渀 琀眀漀 瀀愀爀琀猀 眀椀琀栀 琀栀攀 琀椀琀氀攀 ∀刀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 椀爀爀攀瘀攀爀猀椀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀∀⸀ 吀栀攀 攀氀攀最愀渀琀 瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀愀琀椀漀渀 洀攀愀渀琀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 猀椀稀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 琀眀漀 瀀愀瀀攀爀猀 眀愀猀 渀漀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 ㈀㈀ 愀渀搀 㔀 瀀愀最攀猀 爀攀猀瀀攀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀⸀ 䨀甀搀最攀搀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 瀀愀最攀猀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 椀猀 琀栀甀猀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 猀洀愀氀氀攀猀琀 攀瘀攀爀 琀漀 戀攀 爀攀眀愀爀搀攀搀 眀椀琀栀 愀 一漀戀攀氀 倀爀椀稀攀⸀
伀渀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 攀砀瀀攀挀琀攀搀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 眀漀甀氀搀 栀愀瘀攀 戀攀攀渀 椀洀洀攀搀椀愀琀攀氀礀 漀戀瘀椀漀甀猀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀昀椀挀 挀漀洀洀甀渀椀琀礀⸀ 䤀渀猀琀攀愀搀 椀琀 琀甀爀渀攀搀 漀甀琀 琀栀愀琀 伀渀猀愀最攀爀 眀愀猀 昀愀爀 愀栀攀愀搀 漀昀 栀椀猀 琀椀洀攀⸀
吀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 眀攀爀攀 琀栀甀猀 瀀甀戀氀椀猀栀攀搀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 愀 琀栀椀爀搀 漀昀 愀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀 愀最漀Ⰰ 愀琀琀爀愀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 愀 氀漀渀最 琀椀洀攀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 渀漀 愀琀琀攀渀琀椀漀渀 眀栀愀琀猀漀攀瘀攀爀⸀ 䤀琀 眀愀猀 昀椀爀猀琀 愀昀琀攀爀 琀栀攀 猀攀挀漀渀搀 眀漀爀氀搀 眀愀爀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀礀 戀攀挀愀洀攀 洀漀爀攀 眀椀搀攀氀礀 欀渀漀眀渀⸀ 䐀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 氀愀猀琀 搀攀挀愀搀攀 琀栀攀礀 栀愀瘀攀 瀀氀愀礀攀搀 愀 搀漀洀椀渀愀渀琀 爀漀氀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 爀愀瀀椀搀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 椀爀爀攀瘀攀爀猀椀戀氀攀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 眀椀琀栀 渀甀洀攀爀漀甀猀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 椀渀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 椀渀 戀椀漀氀漀最礀 愀渀搀 琀攀挀栀渀漀氀漀最礀⸀ 䠀攀爀攀 眀攀 琀栀甀猀 栀愀瘀攀 愀 挀愀猀攀 琀漀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 刀甀氀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 一漀戀攀氀 䘀漀甀渀搀愀琀椀漀渀 椀猀 漀昀 洀漀爀攀 琀栀愀渀 甀猀甀愀氀 愀瀀瀀氀椀挀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀⸀ 䤀琀 爀攀愀搀猀㨀 ∀圀漀爀欀 搀漀渀攀 椀渀 琀栀攀 瀀愀猀琀 洀愀礀 戀攀 猀攀氀攀挀琀攀搀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 愀眀愀爀搀 漀渀氀礀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀甀瀀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 椀琀猀 猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀挀攀 栀愀猀 甀渀琀椀氀 爀攀挀攀渀琀氀礀 渀漀琀 戀攀攀渀 昀甀氀氀礀 愀瀀瀀爀攀挀椀愀琀攀搀⸀∀
吀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀挀攀 漀昀 椀爀爀攀瘀攀爀猀椀戀氀攀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 戀攀挀漀洀攀猀 愀瀀瀀愀爀攀渀琀 椀昀 眀攀 爀攀愀氀椀稀攀 琀栀愀琀 愀氀洀漀猀琀 愀氀氀 挀漀洀洀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 愀爀攀 椀爀爀攀瘀攀爀猀椀戀氀攀 愀渀搀 挀愀渀渀漀琀 戀礀 琀栀攀洀猀攀氀瘀攀猀 最漀 戀愀挀欀眀愀爀搀猀⸀ 䄀猀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀猀 挀愀渀 戀攀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 栀攀愀琀 昀爀漀洀 愀 栀漀琀 琀漀 愀 挀漀氀搀 戀漀搀礀 愀渀搀 洀椀砀椀渀最 漀爀 搀椀昀昀甀猀椀漀渀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 眀攀 搀椀猀猀漀氀瘀攀 愀 挀漀氀搀 氀甀洀瀀 漀昀 猀甀最愀爀 椀渀 愀 挀甀瀀 漀昀 栀漀琀 琀攀愀 琀栀攀猀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 琀愀欀攀 瀀氀愀挀攀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀氀礀⸀
䔀愀爀氀椀攀爀 愀琀琀攀洀瀀琀猀 琀漀 琀爀攀愀琀 猀甀挀栀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 戀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 挀氀愀猀猀椀挀愀氀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 最愀瘀攀 氀椀琀琀氀攀 猀甀挀挀攀猀猀⸀ 䐀攀猀瀀椀琀攀 椀琀猀 渀愀洀攀 椀琀 眀愀猀 渀漀琀 猀甀椀琀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀ 䤀琀 椀猀 椀渀猀琀攀愀搀 愀 瀀攀爀昀攀挀琀 琀漀漀氀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 猀琀愀琀椀挀 猀琀愀琀攀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀 攀焀甀椀氀椀戀爀椀愀⸀ 吀栀椀猀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 眀愀猀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀攀搀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 渀椀渀攀琀攀攀渀琀栀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 戀攀最椀渀渀椀渀最 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀ 䤀渀 琀栀椀猀 眀漀爀欀 洀愀渀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 洀漀猀琀 爀攀渀漀甀渀挀攀搀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀猀 漀昀 琀栀愀琀 琀椀洀攀 琀漀漀欀 瀀愀爀琀⸀ 吀栀攀 吀栀爀攀攀 䰀愀眀猀 漀昀 吀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 最爀愀搀甀愀氀氀礀 攀洀攀爀最攀搀 愀渀搀 昀漀爀洀攀搀 琀栀攀 戀愀猀椀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 愀爀攀 愀洀漀渀最 漀甀爀 洀漀猀琀 最攀渀攀爀愀氀氀礀 欀渀漀眀渀 氀愀眀猀 漀昀 渀愀琀甀爀攀⸀ 吀栀攀 䘀椀爀猀琀 䰀愀眀 椀猀 琀栀攀 䰀愀眀 漀昀 䌀漀渀猀攀爀瘀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 䔀渀攀爀最礀⸀ 吀栀攀 匀攀挀漀渀搀 愀渀搀 琀栀攀 吀栀椀爀搀 䰀愀眀猀 搀攀昀椀渀攀 琀栀攀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 焀甀愀渀琀椀琀礀 攀渀琀爀漀瀀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀洀漀渀最 漀琀栀攀爀 琀栀椀渀最猀 瀀爀漀瘀椀搀攀猀 愀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀愀渀搀漀洀 洀漀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 戀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀 洀攀琀栀漀搀猀 栀愀猀 戀攀攀渀 搀攀挀椀猀椀瘀攀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀⸀ 吀栀攀 䄀洀攀爀椀挀愀渀 猀挀椀攀渀琀椀猀琀 䨀⸀ 圀椀氀氀愀爀搀 䜀椀戀戀猀 ⠀㠀㌀㤀ⴀ㤀 ㌀⤀ 眀栀漀 洀愀搀攀 猀漀 洀愀渀礀 椀洀瀀漀爀琀愀渀琀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀猀Ⰰ 栀愀猀 栀椀猀 渀愀洀攀 愀琀琀愀挀栀攀搀 琀漀 琀栀攀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 瀀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀猀栀椀瀀 眀栀椀挀栀 伀渀猀愀最攀爀 渀漀眀 栀漀氀搀猀⸀
䤀琀 挀愀渀 戀攀 猀愀椀搀 琀栀愀琀 伀渀猀愀最攀爀✀猀 爀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀 愀 昀甀爀琀栀攀爀 氀愀眀 洀愀欀椀渀最 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 愀 琀栀攀爀洀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀 猀琀甀搀礀 漀昀 椀爀爀攀瘀攀爀猀椀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀
䤀渀 琀栀攀 瀀爀攀瘀椀漀甀猀氀礀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 挀愀猀攀 眀椀琀栀 猀甀最愀爀 愀渀搀 琀攀愀 椀琀 椀猀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 漀昀 猀甀最愀爀 愀渀搀 栀攀愀琀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀攀 搀椀猀猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 椀猀 漀昀 椀渀琀攀爀攀猀琀 椀渀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀⸀ 圀栀攀渀 猀甀挀栀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀 漀挀挀甀爀 猀椀洀甀氀琀愀渀攀漀甀猀氀礀 琀栀攀礀 椀渀昀氀甀攀渀挀攀 攀愀挀栀 漀琀栀攀爀㨀 愀 琀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 搀椀昀昀攀爀攀渀挀攀 眀椀氀氀 渀漀琀 漀渀氀礀 挀愀甀猀攀 愀 昀氀漀眀 漀昀 栀攀愀琀 戀甀琀 愀氀猀漀 愀 昀氀漀眀 漀昀 洀漀氀攀挀甀氀攀猀 愀渀搀 猀漀 漀渀⸀
伀渀猀愀最攀爀✀猀 最爀攀愀琀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀 眀愀猀 琀栀愀琀 栀攀 挀漀甀氀搀 瀀爀漀瘀攀 琀栀愀琀 椀昀 琀栀攀 攀焀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 最漀瘀攀爀渀椀渀最 琀栀攀 昀氀漀眀猀 愀爀攀 眀爀椀琀琀攀渀 椀渀 愀渀 愀瀀瀀爀漀瀀爀椀愀琀攀 昀漀爀洀Ⰰ 琀栀攀渀 琀栀攀爀攀 攀砀椀猀琀 挀攀爀琀愀椀渀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 戀攀琀眀攀攀渀 琀栀攀 挀漀攀昀昀椀挀椀攀渀琀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀猀攀 攀焀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀ 吀栀攀猀攀 挀漀渀渀攀挀琀椀漀渀猀 ⴀ 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 ⴀ 洀愀欀攀 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 愀 挀漀洀瀀氀攀琀攀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 搀攀猀挀爀椀瀀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 椀爀爀攀瘀攀爀猀椀戀氀攀 瀀爀漀挀攀猀猀攀猀⸀
吀栀攀 瀀爀漀漀昀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 眀愀猀 戀爀椀氀氀椀愀渀琀⸀ 伀渀猀愀最攀爀 猀琀愀爀琀攀搀 昀爀漀洀 愀 猀琀愀琀椀猀琀椀挀愀氀 洀攀挀栀愀渀椀挀愀氀 挀愀氀挀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 昀氀甀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 椀渀 愀 猀礀猀琀攀洀Ⰰ 眀栀椀挀栀 挀漀甀氀搀 戀攀 搀椀爀攀挀琀氀礀 戀愀猀攀搀 漀渀 琀栀攀 猀椀洀瀀氀攀 氀愀眀猀 漀昀 洀漀琀椀漀渀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 猀礀洀洀攀琀爀椀挀愀氀 眀椀琀栀 爀攀最愀爀搀 琀漀 琀椀洀攀⸀ 䘀甀爀琀栀攀爀洀漀爀攀 栀攀 洀愀搀攀 琀栀攀 椀渀搀攀瀀攀渀搀攀渀琀 愀猀猀甀洀瀀琀椀漀渀 琀栀愀琀 琀栀攀 爀攀琀甀爀渀 漀昀 愀 昀氀甀挀琀甀愀琀椀漀渀 琀漀 攀焀甀椀氀椀戀爀椀甀洀 椀渀 琀栀攀 洀攀愀渀 漀挀挀甀爀猀 愀挀挀漀爀搀椀渀最 琀漀 琀栀攀 琀爀愀渀猀瀀漀爀琀 攀焀甀愀琀椀漀渀猀 洀攀渀琀椀漀渀攀搀 攀愀爀氀椀攀爀⸀ 䈀礀 洀攀愀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀椀猀 挀漀洀戀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 洀愀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 愀渀搀 洀椀挀爀漀猀挀漀瀀椀挀 挀漀渀挀攀瀀琀猀 椀渀 挀漀渀樀甀渀挀琀椀漀渀 眀椀琀栀 愀渀 攀砀琀爀攀洀攀氀礀 猀欀椀氀昀甀氀 洀愀琀栀攀洀愀琀椀挀愀氀 愀渀愀氀礀猀椀猀 栀攀 漀戀琀愀椀渀攀搀 琀栀漀猀攀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀栀椀瀀猀 眀栀椀挀栀 愀爀攀 渀漀眀 挀愀氀氀攀搀 伀渀猀愀最攀爀✀猀 刀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 刀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀⸀
倀爀漀昀攀猀猀漀爀 䰀愀爀猀 伀渀猀愀最攀爀⸀ 夀漀甀 栀愀瘀攀 洀愀搀攀 愀 渀甀洀戀攀爀 漀昀 挀漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀 琀漀 瀀栀礀猀椀挀猀 愀渀搀 挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 眀栀椀挀栀 挀愀渀 戀攀 爀攀最愀爀搀攀搀 愀猀 洀椀氀攀猀琀漀渀攀猀 椀渀 琀栀攀 搀攀瘀攀氀漀瀀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀⸀ 䘀漀爀 攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀Ⰰ 礀漀甀爀 攀焀甀愀琀椀漀渀 昀漀爀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀椀琀礀 漀昀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 猀琀爀漀渀最 攀氀攀挀琀爀漀氀礀琀攀猀Ⰰ 礀漀甀爀 昀愀洀漀甀猀 猀漀氀甀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 琀栀攀 䤀猀椀渀最 瀀爀漀戀氀攀洀Ⰰ 洀愀欀椀渀最 瀀漀猀猀椀戀氀攀 愀 琀栀攀漀爀攀琀椀挀愀氀 琀爀攀愀琀洀攀渀琀 漀昀 瀀栀愀猀攀 挀栀愀渀最攀猀Ⰰ 漀爀 礀漀甀爀 焀甀愀渀琀椀猀愀琀椀漀渀 漀昀 瘀漀爀琀椀挀攀猀 椀渀 氀椀焀甀椀搀 栀攀氀椀甀洀⸀ 䠀漀眀攀瘀攀爀Ⰰ 礀漀甀爀 搀椀猀挀漀瘀攀爀礀 漀昀 琀栀攀 爀攀挀椀瀀爀漀挀愀氀 爀攀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 琀愀欀攀猀 愀 猀瀀攀挀椀愀氀 瀀氀愀挀攀⸀ 䤀琀 爀攀瀀爀攀猀攀渀琀猀 漀渀攀 漀昀 琀栀攀 最爀攀愀琀 愀搀瘀愀渀挀攀猀 椀渀 猀挀椀攀渀挀攀 搀甀爀椀渀最 琀栀椀猀 挀攀渀琀甀爀礀⸀
䤀 栀愀瘀攀 琀栀攀 栀漀渀漀甀爀 琀漀 挀漀渀瘀攀礀 琀漀 礀漀甀 琀栀攀 挀漀渀最爀愀琀甀氀愀琀椀漀渀猀 漀昀 琀栀攀 刀漀礀愀氀 䄀挀愀搀攀洀礀 漀昀 匀挀椀攀渀挀攀猀 愀渀搀 琀漀 愀猀欀 礀漀甀 琀漀 爀攀挀攀椀瘀攀 琀栀攀 一漀戀攀氀 倀爀椀稀攀 昀漀爀 䌀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀 昀漀爀 㤀㘀㠀 昀爀漀洀 琀栀攀 栀愀渀搀猀 漀昀 䠀椀猀 䴀愀樀攀猀琀礀 琀栀攀 䬀椀渀最⸀
Lars Onsager was born in Oslo, Norway, November 27, 1903 to parents Erling Onsager, Barrister of the Supreme Court of Norway, and Ingrid, née Kirkeby. In 1933 he married Margarethe Arledter, daughter of a well-known pioneer in the art of paper making, in Cologne, Germany. They have sons Erling Frederick, Hans Tanberg, and Christian Carl, and a daughter Inger Marie, married to Kenneth Roy Oldham.
After three years with the experienced educators Inga and Anna Platou in Oslo, one year at a deteriorating private school in the country and a few months of his mother's tutoring, he entered Frogner School as the family returned to Oslo. There he was soon invited to jump a grade, so that he was able to graduate in 1920.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
Admitted to Norges tekniske høgskole in the fall of that year as a student of chemical engineering, he entered a stimulating environment; the department had attracted outstanding students over a period of years. Among the professors particularly O.E. Collenberg and J.P. Holtsmark encouraged his efforts in theory and helped him in the evaluation of background knowledge.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
After graduation in 1925 he accompanied Holtsmark on a trip to Denmark and Germany, then proceeded to Zurich, where he remained for a couple of months with Debye and Hückel and returned the following spring, for a stay of nearly two years. There he organized his results in the theory of electrolytes for publication, broadened his knowledge of physics and became acquainted with a good many leading physicists.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
In 1928 he went to Baltimore and served for the spring term as Associate in Chemistry at Johns Hopkins University. The appointment was not renewed; but C.A. Kraus at Brown University engaged him as an instructor, and he remained in that position for five years. During this time he gave lectures on statistical mechanics, published the reciprocal relations and made progress on a variety of problems. Some of the results were published at the time, one with the able assistance of R.M. Fuoss; others formed the basis for later publications. In 1933 he accepted a Sterling Fellowship at Yale University, where he remained to serve as Assistant Professor 1934-1940, Associate Professor 1940-1945 and JosiahWillard Gibbs Professor of Theoretical Chemistry 1945-1972. Incidentally, he obtained a Ph.D. degree in Chemistry from Yale in 1935; his dissertation consisted of the mathematical background for his interpretation of deviations from Ohm's law in weak electrolytes.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
Over the years, the subjects of his interest came to include colloids, dielectrics, order-disorder transitions, metals and superfluids, hydrodynamics and fractionation theory. In 1951-1952 he spent a year's leave of absence as a Fulbright Scholar with David Schoenberg at the Mond Laboratory in Cambridge, England, a leading center for research in low temperature physics. In the Spring of 1961 he served as Visiting Professor of Physics at the University of California in San Diego. Of his sabbatical leave 1967-1968 he spent the first three months as Visiting Professor at Rockefeller University and the last three as Gauss Professor in Göttingen. In 1962, at the suggestion of Manfred Eigen, he joined Neuroscience Associates, a small interdisciplinary group organized by F.O. Schmitt in Cambridge, Massachusetts.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
Lars Onsager holds honary degrees of Doctor of Science from Harvard University (1954), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1962), Brown University (1962), Rheinisch-Westfahlische Technische Hochschule (1962), the University of Chicago (1968), Ohio State University (Cleveland, 1969), Cambridge University (1970) and Oxford University (1971), and Doctor technicae from Norges tekniske høgskole (1960).㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
In 1953 he received the Rumford Medal from the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in 1958 The Lorentz Medal from The Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, in 1966 the Belfer Award in Science from Yeshiva University, in 1965 the Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry from the American Chemical Society, in 1962 the Lewis Medal from its California Section, the Kirkwood Medal from the New Haven Section and the Gibbs Medal from the Chicago Section, in 1964 the Richards Medal from the Northeastern Section.㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
In 1969 he received the National Science Medal, and he became an honorary member of The Bunsen Society for Physical Chemistry. During Spring 1970 he was Lorentz Professor in Leiden (The Netherlands).㰀⼀瀀㸀㰀瀀㸀
Onsager is a Fellow of the American Physical Society and The New York Academy of Sciences, a member of The American Chemical Society, The Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, The National Academy of Sciences, The American Academy of Arts and Sciences and The American Philosophical Society, a Foreign Member of the Norwegian Academy of Sciences, The Royal Norwegian Academy of Sciences, The Norwegian Academy of Technical Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and The Royal Science Society in Uppsala, and an Honorary Member of The Norwegian Chemical Society.
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